BOTTLENECK VS FOUNDER EFFECT 2023

 

DESCRIPTION	Bottleneck Effect	Founder Effect
Definition	A sharp reduction in population size, often due to a catastrophic event or intense selection pressure.	A small group of individuals establishes a new population, resulting in reduced genetic diversity.
Cause	Natural disasters, disease outbreaks, human activities, or sudden environmental changes.	Migration, isolation, colonization, or small group formation.
Population Size	Significant reduction in population size, leading to a small surviving population.	Start with a small founding population, which becomes the basis for a new population.
Effects on Allele Frequencies	Random changes in allele frequencies due to genetic drift. Some alleles may be lost or become more prevalent than before.	Limited number of alleles carried by the founding individuals, leading to a skewed representation of the original population's genetic makeup.
Genetic Diversity	Loss of genetic variation due to the limited number of survivors, resulting in decreased diversity and increased genetic drift.	Limited genetic diversity due to the small number of individuals in the founding population.
Examples	The cheetah population reduced drastically, leading to reduced genetic diversity.	One notable example of the founder effect in India is the Parsi community. The Parsis are a small ethnic and religious group that migrated from Persia (modern-day Iran) to the Indian subcontinent around the 8th century. They settled mainly in the region of Gujarat, particularly in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay)..