Enzyme -chemical composition

 

Life cycles of plantae kingdom

 

Fluid mosaic model

 

63 most important topics ...must prepared for XII (Biology) 2023-24

 1.   Polymerase chain reaction 

(Full process) 

2. Human Genome project.

3. Gel Electrophoresis process.

4. Humulin formation process with diagram.(pro insulin to insulin)

5. DNA fingerprinting process. 

6. SCID and ADA deficiency  treatment of a girl.

7. CANCER 

8. AIDS and Plasmodium life cycle. 

9. Post transcriptional modifications.

10. PBr 322 vector.

11. Insertional inactivation (Beta galactosidase)

12. Chromosomal theory of inheritance .

13. RNA interference mechanism.

14. Down,klinefelter and turner syndrome .

15. Lac operon.(with diagram)

16. Sewage treatment plant.(process)

17. Bio active molecules, enzymes functions ( Microbes in human welfare)

18. Biofertilisers.

19. Bio control agents.

20. Biogas plant.

21. Replication,transcription and translation process in detail 

22. Genetic code.

23. Transgenic animals and plants examples.

24. Bt cotton mechanism.

25. Logistic and exponential Growth curve and equation.

26. Species Area relationship and graph.

27. Decomposition factors.

28. In situ and Ex situ conservation with examples

29. Human diseases pathogens and symptoms.

30. Immunity and types in detail

31. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

32. Types of biodiversity and causes of its loss ( Evil Quartet) 

33. Pyramids of Ecosystem

34. Pyramids of Population

35. Pyramids of natural selection

36. Mono hybrid,di hybrid,incomplete dominance,pleiotropy,codominance ,test cross,back cross.Multiple allelism,polygenic inheritance with examples.

37. Theories of evolution (Lamarck, Darwin’s ,hugo de vries)

38. Hershey's chase experiment.

39. Meselson and stahl experiment.

40. Griffith experiment.

41. Drosophila and morgan experiment. (Linkage and recombination)

42. Charging of t RNA. Before translation.

43. Enzymes of biotechnology (functions ).

44.BOD,COD,bioreactors(types) 

45. Contraceptive methods(all)

46. Male and female reproductive system.

47. Primary and secondary lymphoid organs.

48. Structure of Antibody molecule.

49. Examples of...mutualism,co extinction,predation, parasitism, Sexual deceit etc

50. Miller urey experiment.

51. Polyembryony and Apomixis.

52. Assisted reproductive technologies.(all)

53. Rice Genome project.

54. Pedigree chart  analysis

55. Structure of DNA in detail. (Chargaff rule)

56. Convergent and divergent evolution .

57. Homologous and analogous organs with examples.

58. Darwin's finches and 

Australian marsupials (Examples of Adaptive radiation)

59. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium 

60. Genetic drift, Gene flow, types of mutations. (Frame shift and point) 

61. Stem cell technology.

62.Types of pollination with examples

63 Gene Gun,biolistic, electroporation, etc of how to make cells competent for DNA entry.

Important topics #Biology 23-24

 

Minimum level of learning class xii (2023-24)

 

Excretory products

 

Cardiac cycle