7 celled 8 nucleated embryo sac/female gametophyte

How to make and labelled a diagram..This is an example..
Right now this student of mine has become the medical officer..

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT/CLASS XII/CBSE/2017-18

LIST OF INVESTIGATORY PROJECT/BIOLOGY/CLASS XII

project report on Human health, food and microbes

Ecological study of western ghat

project report on Biotechnology in perspectives of agriculture

Study of drug abuse and addiction

Case study of diabetes patient

Biopiracy in reference of India

Study of allergy and allergens

project report on human fossils found in India

Case study of a tuberculosis patient

Stem cells: new hope for life

Biotech and its latest application

project report on Humulin: life saving human made hormone

Recent trends on bacterial resistance to antibiotics

Utility of human genome project

project report on role of Microbes in Human welfare

project report on Malnutrition in india

project report on medicinal plants found in your locality
project report on mosquito and diseases

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER/CLASS X/SCIENCE/2017-18/CBSE

DEAR STUDENTS /CLASS X/2017-18
Hereby i am providing the link of SCIENCE sample question paper  2017-18 for practice as u know that preboard exam will be start SOON ..

just click over the link given below and get it..
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1pjEUXnSAJTZaNrT67htTnFqSvJ9Z-SL9

easy scoring areas of NCERT BIOLOGY of each chapter of class XII

DEAR STUDENTS OF CLASS XII(biology)
Here by i am providing the easy scoring areas of each chapter of NCERT biology ..so click over the link given below and get it..and prepare
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1GnkOIjfOUHMLECfbZouHxo9j3y2icxkr

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER BIOLOGY 2017-18

DEAR STUDENTS
 Here by i am providing the CBSE BOARD sample question paper of Biology for practice 2017-18 ..click over the link given below and download it..
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1sfeHIUT6EW8eLXHBQ3KOoGCO5yHYb-Kh

BLUE PRINT AISSCE 2017-18/CBSE BOARD/BIOLOGY

DEAR students hereby i am providing you the blue print of CBSE BIOLOGY 

BLUE PRINT/BIOLOGY/CBSE BOARD/AISSCE 2017-18

S.NO	UNIT	VSA 1  MARKS	SA TYPE(I) 2 MARKS	SA TYPE(II) 3 MARKS	VAQ 4  MARKS	LA 5  MARKS	WEIGHTAGE OF UNIT
1	REPRODUCTION	3	1	3	-	-	14
2	GENETICS AND EVOLUTION	1	-	4	-	1	18
3	BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE	1	1	2	-	1	14
4	BIOTECHNOLOGY	-	1	1	-	1	10
5	ECOLOGY	-	2	2	1	-	14
TOTAL 26 QUESTIONS		5	5	12	1	3	70 MARKS

Productivity concept of ecology

Infoflow...

The Living World

Dear students..This is provided for practice..

HOW TO COME OUT WITH FLYING COLORS IN NEET/MEDICAL ENTRANCE EXAM

content copyright@2017-18 -developed by Rajeev Gangwar(Bareilly)
dear medical aspirants ..
* want to be a doctor ..then medical aspirants must have strong 4D- desire+determination + dedication+discipline to get the success
*biology is the core so if u do not have command over this subject then.. u can can't fulfill your dream..
always make fact-info circle of the concept..(out of 90 questions u should do correct at least 85 questions in biology and  ..in my opinion this is the only part in which aspirant should   go as a full attempt  i.e 90/90 due to having more chance of accuracy comparatively to other subject but with basic conceptual knowledge and logic)
*physics is the key and without numerical practice  no one get selected ..in this exam
*chemistry works as a buffer always get in touch with the formulas and their application
*prepare a Frequently asked numerical-FAN  sheets) Of different units/ sub units  of physics and chemistry ...and do a lot of practice of them
*dear ...one does consistently  two years work hard ..despite that not selected  why..problem is that  in the last two or three month  before the NEET exams WITHOUT REVISION TACTICS ALL UR HARD WORK CAN GO FUTILE..
for fixing  that apart for making usual notes ..always make short tricks/fundas sheets in each subject  for remembering the facts and concept ..just before the two weeks of exam.

*depend upon best selected books ..not much book needed ..u also can take the help of selected sites and blogs.
*in NEET , for maintaining the speed and accuracy ,always do study one level high in each subject (PCB) is needed for excellent hai performance in exam hall.
*monthly subscription of magazine viz biology +chemistry+physics today keeps u updated with the changes and provides  excellent stuff for practice..

Thanks ..on line support available (topic wise in biology)

how to do green school programme audit step by step...full guide

Date...15.10.17

Dear friends of kv iffco...hereby i m providing u the link of u tube video ...which is related to green school audit programme..step by step full guide ..watch it and  work accordingly..
 Thanks

step by step full guide of green school audit programme

Breeding..inbreeding+ outcrossing+cross breeding

Dear students of class xii ...\of kv iffco/
There is a infograph of breeding..

CLASS XII HOTS AND VALUE BASED QUESTIONS ...of biology

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B1UB7fkbEtgBWFRJT3I5UTZON00

DEAR STUDENTS ....\OF KV IFFCO/

CLICK ABOVE link..this is given for practice of hots and value based questions ...download it and starts doing practice and submit the hard copy of first assignment from page 06 to page 10..

date of submission will be 16.10.17...

Favicon..

Dna extraction from banana

Practical content

External morphology of Cockroach..

Chromosome types and centrosome..

Protein infograph

Human skull

Blue print/marks distribution chart of class XI half yearly 2017

CLASS TEST FOR PRACTICE

Class XII                                                                                                Subject: Biology

Time: 40 Minutes                                                                                 Full Marks: 40

Q.1 what will be the number range of adenylate residue in tailing mechanism of hnRNA.

Q.2 what was the roll of H.G Khorana in the development of genetic code.

Q. 3 A cistron consist of 20 codons .how many amino acids will it code in the polypeptide transcribed ? why retro virus does not follow central dogma .explain.

Q.4 Recall the Griffith experiment if Rna instead of Dna was the genetic material,would the heat killed strain of streptococcus have transformed the R strain in to virulent.explain.

Q.5 lac operon is negatively regulated .what is meant by this?

Q.6 How a polypeptide chain synthesis terminated during protein synthesis. ?

Q.7 what are differences between template strand and coding strand?

Q.8 Give the differences   between repetitive DNA and Satellite DNA.

Q.9How Meselson and Stahal proved that replication of DNA are semi conservative.

Q.10give the enzymatic sequence of replication and a red eyed heterozygous female fruit fly is crossed with a red eyed male . work out all possible genotypes and phenotypes of the progeny.comment the pattern of inheritance.

MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY

TEST THIRD

Question 1

Casparian strips are present in the _____ of the root.

A	pericycle
B	cortex
C	epiblema
D	endodermis

Question 2

In an annual ring, the light coloured part is known as

A	Heartwood
B	Late wood
C	Early wood
D	Sapwood

Question 3

The inner, darker and harder portion of secondary xylem that can not conduct water, in an older dicot stem, is called

A	Bast
B	Alburnum
C	Duramen
D	Wood

Question 4

Seed coat is not thin, membranous in [NEET 2013]

A	Groundnut
B	Coconut
C	Maize
D	Gram

Question 5

Lenticels are involved in [NEET 2013]

A	Transpiration
B	Gaseous exchange
C	Food transport
D	Photosynthesis

Question 6

Age of a tree can be estimated by [NEET 2013]

A	Its height and girth
B	Biomass
C	Number of annual rings
D	Diameter of its heartwood

Question 7

For a critical study of secondary growth in plants, which one of the following pairs is suitable?

A	Wheat and maiden hair fern
B	Sugarcane and sunflower
C	Teak and pine
D	Deodar and fern

Question 8

Heartwood differs from sapwood in

A	Absence of vessels and parenchyma
B	Presence of rays and fibres
C	Being susceptible to pests and pathogens
D	Having dead and non-conducting elements

Question 9

Interfascicular cambium is a

A	Type of Protoderm
B	Primordial meristem
C	Primary meristematic tissue
D	Secondary meristematic tissue

Question 10

Identify the plant parts whose transverse sections show a clear and prominent pith.

A	Dicot stem and monocot stem
B	Dicot stem and dicot root
C	Dicot root and monocot root
D	Dicot stem and monocot root

Question 11

In a dicotyledonous stem, the sequence of tissues from the outside to the inside is:

A	Phellem-phloem-endodermis-pericycle
B	Phellem-pericycle-endodermis-phloem
C	Pericycle-phellem-endodermis-phloem
D	Phellem-endodermis-pericycle-phloem

Question 12

As secondary growth proceeds, in a dicot stem, the thickness of

A	sapwood increases
B	heartwood increases
C	both sapwood and heartwood increases
D	both sapwood and heartwood remains the same

Question 13

Arrange the following plants in ascending order based on the number of xylem strands in their roots :

(I) Trapa

(II) Pisum

(III) Castanea

(IV) Nicotiana

A	II, IV, III, I
B	III, IV, II, I
C	IV, III, I, II
D	I, IV, II, III

Question 14

Read the following lists and select the correct option.

List – I		List – II
A. Extrafloral Nectaries		I. Achras
B. Schizogenous cavities		II. Tropaeolum
C. Laticiferous ducts		III. Passiflora
D. Hydathodes		IV. Eucalyptus
		V. Pinus
A	A - III, B - I, C - II, D - IV
B	A - II, B - I, C - III, D - IV
C	A - III, B - V, C - I, D - II
D	A - V, B - II, C - I, D - III

Question 15

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of tissues present in dicot stem during secondary growth?

A	Primary cortex, secondary cortex, phellogen, cork
B	Cork, primary cortex, secondary cortex, phellogen
C	Phellogen, cork, primary cortex, secondary cortex
D	Secondary cortex, cork, phellogen primary cortex

 Question 16   Intercalary meristem is a derivative of

A	Lateral meristem
B	Secondary meristem
C	Primary meristem
D	Promeristem

Question17

Quiescent centre is found in plants at :

A	Shoot tip
B	Cambium
C	Root tip
D	Leaf tip

Question 18

The monocotyledonous seed consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as

A	Coleoptile                                                  C     Aleurone layer
B	Scutellum                                                   D Coleorhiza

BACTERIA AND VIRUS TEST 2 CLASS XI

TEST TWO –BACTERIA +VIRUS

1.The viral nucleocapsid is the combination of

A.            genome and capsid

B.            capsid and spikes

C.            envelope and capsid

D.            capsomere and genome

2. The oncogene theory refers to

A.            how chemicals inactivate viruses when applied

B.            how viruses replicate in host cells

C.            how viruses transform normal cells into tumor cells

D.            none of these

3.  Which of the following may affect proteins and nucleic acids, but not viruses?

A.            Denaturation

B.            Enzyme treatment

C.            Pressure

D.            All of these

4. The gram-positive bacteria lack __________ structure/component?

A.            outer membrane

B.            murein

C.            teichoic acid

D.            plasma membrane

5.            Bacteria are

A.            saprophytic

B.            symbiotic

C.            hyper parasitic

D.            all of these

5. The motile bacteria are able to move by

A.   Fimbriae B flagella C cilia D Pili

Q6 WRITE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLASMID AND EPISOME  1

Q7 WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF F+ X HFr-.1

Q8 Draw TMV and bacteriophage.3

Q9 chemoautotrophic nutrition is essential in some bacteria. Justify the statement with example.3

Q10 if u are provided  bacterial colonies and asked to classify in to gram + and gram – bacteria then what procedure would  u applied to get it..3

HOW TO KEEP REMEDIAL ACTION RECORD IN KVS / FOR KV TEACHERS

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByzToVw-W5I1OERhM2hYSG53UE5LWnVJMEZQcnVqZEp4QzVR

CBSE CLASS XII SOLVED BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER ALL SETS 2016 AND 17

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByzToVw-W5I1YkVsQXV4dHJSXzA/view?usp=sharing

DEAR STUDENTS CLICK OVER THE ABOVE LINK AND GET THE SOLVED BOARD QUESTION PAPERS (2016,17)

CLASS X GENERAL QUESTION science

Question Paper for general practice

SCIENCE (THEORY)

Time: 3 hrs                                                                                                                                              Max.marks: 80

General Instructions:

i)                     The question paper comprises of two sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.

ii)                    All questions are compulsory.

iii)                   There is no over all choice. However, internal choice has been provided in all the three question of five marks category. Only one option in such question in to be attempted.

iv)                   All questions of section A and all questions of section B are to be attempted separately.

v)                    Question numbers 1 to 4 in section A are one mark questions. There are to be answered in one word or one sentence.

vi)                   Question numbers 5 to 13 are two mark questions, to be answered in about 30 words each.

vii)                  Question numbers 14 to 22 are three mark questions, to be answered in about 50 words each.

viii)                 Question numbers 23 to 25 are five mark questions, to be answered in about 70 words each.

ix)                   Question numbers 26 to 41 in section B are multiple choice questions based on practical skills. Each question is a one mark question. You are to select one most appropriate response out of the four provided to you.

SECTION – A

1.        What are the 3 R’s to save the environment?

2.        Define 1 dioptre of power of a lens.

3.        Name  two unisexual flower.

4.        Draw the electron dot structure of C₂H₆.

5.        Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm?

6.        Name two other elements which are in the same family as (i) carbon (ii) sodium.

7.        What do you mean by STD? Name one STD each caused by bacteria &  virus.

8.        Give  any two ways in which biodegradable  substances would affect the environment.

9.        Why do stars twinkle?

10.     What do you mean by acquired traits & inherited traits?

11.     How would you bring about the change (i) ethanol to ethene (ii) propanol to propanoic acid?

12.     Define magnification of a spherical mirror. What will be the magnification in case of a plane mirror?

13.     What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution?

14.     Why should we conserve forests and wild life?

15.     The near point of a hypermetropic person is 50 cm. What should be the focal length and power of the lens used by him if he wants to read a newspaper placed 20 cm away?

16.     Explain double fertilisation in flowering plants.

17.     What is esterification? Write the reaction involved. Write one use of ester.

18.     Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light in the glass? The speed of light in vacuum is 3x 10⁸ m/sec.

19.     In human beings blue eye colour is recessive to brown eye colour. A brown eyed man has a blue eyed mother.

(a)     What is the genotype of man & his mother?

(b)     What are possible genotypes of his father/

(c)      If the man marries a blue eyed woman, what are the possible genotypes of their offspring?

20.     (a)           Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?

(b)           List any two reasons for carbon forming a very large number of compounds.

     21.      (a)           What is scattering of light?                                                                                      

(b)           Explain why does dangerous signals are made up of red or orange colours?      (1+2)

     22.      Answer  the following:                                                                             (1/2 X 6=3)

                (i)             Who proposed the theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters/

                (ii)            Who first suggested that ‘organisms never originate spontaneously from non Living’?

                (iii)           Who wrote the book “Origin of species”?

                (iv)           What is the process of gradual change from simple to complex organisms?

                (v)            What is sudden inheritable change called as?

                (vi)           What the technical term for the resemblance of colour of animals with surrounding environment?

23.           Draw a diagram to show that formation if image of a distance object of myopic eye.

                How can this defect be rectified? State two reasons due to which this  defect may be caused?

                                                                OR,

                What is hypermetropia? Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation of an object by: (i) Hypermetropia eye
   (ii) Correction made with suitable lens.

24.           (a) How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?

(b) How is the sex of a child determined in human beings?

                                                                                OR,

Explain the terms:

(a)     Homologous organs with examples.

(b)     Analogous organs with examples.

(c)      Genotype

(d)     Phenotype

(e)     Genetic drift

25.           An element is placed in second group and third period of the periodic table, burns in presence of oxygen to form a basic oxide.

                (a) Identify the element.

                (b) Write the electronic configuration.

                © Write the balanced equation when it burns in the presence of air.

(d)     Write the balanced equation when this oxide is dissolved in water.

(e)     What will be the nature of the solution thus obtained.

OR,

                Atomic number of a few elements is given below:

                10, 20, 7, 14.

(a)     Identify the elements.

(b)     Identify the group number of these elements in the periodic table.

(c)      Identify the periods of these elements in the periodic table.

(d)     What would be the electronic configuration for each of these elements?

(e)     Determine the valency of these elements.

SECTION – B

26.           According to Snell’s law:

                (a)           < i = < r    (b)           sin i  α sin r

                ©             sin i α 1/sin r            (d)           sin i = µsin r

27.           A ray falls normally on a surface, it will :

                (a)           Bends inwards                         (b)           bends outwards

                ©             pass straight                            (d)           retrace back.

28.           A ray goes from an optically denser to an optically rarer medium, it ;

                (a)           passes straight                        (b)           bends towards normal

                ©             bends away from normal         (d)           will go parallel to incident ray

29.           divergent lens is :

                (a)           of uniform thickness                 (b)           thicker at centre , thinner at edges

                ( c)           have positive focal length         (d)           thicker at edges, thinner at centre            

30.           Lateral displacement suffered in a slab of thickness is:

                (a)           α 1/t                                         (b)           α 1/t²

                ( c)           α t²                                                                (d)           α t

31.           What happens when copper is added to zinc sulphate solution?

                ( a)          the solution becomes colourless and zinc metal gets deposited

                ( b)          no reaction takes place as copper is less reactive than zinc

                ( c)           no reaction takes place as copper is more reactive than zinc

                ( d)          the solution remains blue and zinc metal gets deposited.

32.           Can we store copper sulphate in iron container and why?

                ( a )         no, because iron is more reactive than copper, therefore reaction will take place.

                (b)           No, because copper is more reactive than iron

                (c )           yes, because copper is more reactive than iron

                (d)           yes, because copper is less reactive than iron.

33.           When sodium carbonate is added to acetic acid, CO₂ is produced. The other product of  the reaction is /are:

                (a)           sodium acetate & water           (b)           water only

                ( c)           sodium acetate only                 (d)           none of these

34.           Vinegar is :

                (a) 5 - 8 % acetic acid                                             (b)           acetic acid of any concentration

                (c)            100% acetic acid                     (d)           50% acetic acid

35.           Acetic acid and water are mixed in a test tube, the resultant solution will be:

                (a)           clear solution                                           (b)           turbid solution

                ( c)           acid forms lower layer             (d)           water forms lower layer

36.           Budding involves growth of new organisms:

                (a)           outside the parent body           (b)           on the parent body

                ( c)           inside the parent body                             (d)           both (a) & (c)

37.           Which of the following is not a mode of asexual reproduction?

                (a)           Multiple fission                         (b)           binary fission

                ( c)           spore formation                       (d)           conjugation

38.           Multiple fission  occurs in :

                (a)           Euglena                                   (b)           Yeast

                ( c)           Plasmodium                                             (d)           Paramecium

39.           Clones are the individuals which are produced by:

                (a) Asexual reproduction         (b)           sexual reproduction

                ( c )          Both of these                           (d) None of these

40.           In Yeast budding takes place by the following steps:

                (i)             The bud may become separate from the parental body and develop into a new individual

                (ii)            Thus they may form a colony

                (iii)           A bud comes out in any direction from the parental cell

                (iv)           The body bud develops and give rise to another baby bud

The proper sequence of steps is:

(a)     (iii), (i), (iv), (ii)

(b)     (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

(c)      (iii), (ii), (i), (iv)

(d)     (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)

41.           The shape of amoeba is :

                (a)           round                       (b)           oval          ( c)           irregular   (d)           rod like

               

MARKING SCHEME

1.        Reduce, recycle, reuse.                                                                                                                           1

2.        A lens of focal length 1m.                                                                                                        1

3.        Papaya & watermelon flowers                                                                                 ½ + ½

4.        NCERT Fig.No. 4.6                                                                                                                                 1             

5.        Because ciliary muscles cannot contract beyond a certain limit.                                              2

6.        (i) carbon- silicon, Germanium.                                                                                               1+1

(ii) sodium-lithium, potassium.                                                                                

7.        Sexually transmitted disease. (i) Gonorrhoea/Syphilis. (ii) warts /Aids                     1+1

8.        (i) It converts wastes into CO _{2 .}

(ii) Increase in the number of micro-organism that gives unhealthy environment.1+1

9.        Due to atmospheric refraction of light or apparent change in the position of the stars.2

10.     Inherited: Which run in the family/transmitted from parents to progeny.

 Acquired: Acquired In the life time of an individual                                                  1+1

11.     (a)           CH₃CH₂OH        —› CH₂=CH₂ + H₂O

(b)           CH₃CH₂ CH₂OH        —›    CH₃CH₂COOH                                                             1+1

12.           Magnification, m= size of image/size of object

                For plane mirror, m= +1                                                                                                          1½ +1/2 

13.     Fossils/ remains of dead organisms of the past

It tells us about their existence on the earth.                                                           1+1

14.     Forests provide food, medicine, fire wood, maintain balance of gas, water & prevent flood and soil erosion.

Wildlife helps in maintaining Food Chain, provide wool, bones, skins etc.               1 1/2x 2

15.          u= -20 cm, v = - 50 cm, f =?

Lens formula

1/f = 1/v – 1/u

Put the value, f = 100/3 = 33.3 cm

P = + 3D

Lens -à converging/convex                                                                                   1+1+1

16.     Double fertilization=  (i)Syngamy(One male +One female gamete/ovum) , (ii) Triple fusion(2^nd male gamete + polar nuclei )                                                                                                1 ½ x 2

17.           When an acid is heated with an alcohol in the presence of conc. H₂SO₄ an ester is produced eg

                                                         CONC.H₂SO₄  

                CH₃COOH +  C₂H₅OH           ↔                  CH₃COOC₂H₅

                Ester is used as flavouring agent.                                                                            1+1+1

18. Refractive index n = speed of light in air(c)/speed of light in glass (v)

                                                1.5 = 3x10⁸/v

                                                V = 3x10⁸/1.5

                                                V = 2x10⁸ m/s                                                                                          1+1+1

19. (a)     Genotype of man: Bb/Heterozygous; Genotype of mother: bb/homozygous recessive

                (b)           Possible genotype of father: Bb/Heterozygous or, BB/Homozygous dominant

                ©             50% blue eyed, 50% Brown eyed; 1:1/test cross                                    1+1+1

20. a) Since carbon has four valence electrons and a very large amount of energy is required to loose or gain four electrons

       b) Catenation – Self linkage ability, tetra valency, isomerism.                           2+1

21. a) When a ray of light falls on the particles of atmosphere then ray of light get scattered in all directions this is called scattering of light.

                b) The light of red colour scattered least due to its large wavelength so red colour of light passes through smoke, fog or dust and can be seen easily from distant point.    1+2

22. i)        Lamark   ii) Louis Pasteur  iii) Charles Darwin  iv) Evolution  v) Mutation  vi) Camouflage.                                                                                                                                                                     1/2 x6

23.           NCERT Fig 11.2, (b) & (c); using concave lens of suitable power; causes- (i) excessive curvature of eye lens, (ii) elongation of eye ball.                                                                            3+2

OR,

Correct definition; NCERT Fig. no. 11.3 (b) & (c).                                                  1+2+2

24. a)The useful variation in individual of a species will enable them to adapt according to the changes and new needs. Thus they will enable the survival of species.

                b) There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in which 1 pair is sex chromosomes. These sex chromosomes are again of two types i.e., ‘x’ and ‘y’ chromosomes. When a child bears 22 pairs + x + y ,it will be male and the child bearing 22 pairs of autosomes along with ‘x’ pair of sex chromosomes will be female.

Diagram-NCERT figure no.9.6                                                                                                               2+3

                                                                                Or

a)       Homologous organs-Organs of different classes having similar origins and structures but perform different functions.

b)       Analogous organs-Organs similar in functions but different in structure and origin.

c)        Genotype-Internal genetic constitutions of an organisms.

d)       Phenotype-Externally visible characters of an organisms.

e)       Genetic Drift-It is a change of gene frequency from one generation to another.     1X5

25.           a) Magnesium        

                b) 2, 8, 2

                c) 2Mg(s) + O₂ (g) → 2MgO(s)

                d) MgO(s) + H₂O (l) → Mg(OH)₂(aq)

                e)             Alkaline/Basic                                                                                                                           1x5

26.   (d)

27.   (d)

28.   ©

29. (d)

30.   (d)

31. (b)

32.   (d)

33.   (a)

34.   (a)

35.   (a)

36.   (d)

37.   (d)

38.   ©

39.   (a)

40.   (a)

41.   ©